AOD9604

AOD9604 is a synthetic peptide made of the C-terminal 177-191 region of human growth hormone (hGH) with an extra tyrosine at the N-terminus, developed to study the lipolytic domain of hGH apart from the intact hormone. Rodent studies of the AOD9604 peptide measured lipolysis, fat oxidation, β3-adrenergic receptor expression and insulin sensitivity in obese mice and Zucker rats, and in-vitro work found that it does not compete for the hGH receptor. Research Market supplies AOD9604 in 5 mg and 10 mg vials, with purity and identity data for each lot reported on its certificate of analysis. It is sold strictly for laboratory research use.

Chemical structure and identification

• Molecular formula: C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂
• Molecular weight: 1815.1 g/mol
• CAS number: 221231-10-3
• PubChem CID: 71300630
• Amino acid sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF; hGH 177-191 with an added N-terminal Tyr, Cys7–Cys14 disulfide)
• Synonyms: AOD 9604, AOD-9604
• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Analytical methods: RP-HPLC for purity and mass spectrometry for identity, reported on the batch certificate of analysis

Research applications

• hGH receptor independence: In BaF-BO3 cells transfected with the hGH receptor, AOD9604 did not compete for receptor binding or induce proliferation; in obese ob/ob mice it increased fat oxidation and plasma glycerol and, unlike hGH, did not induce hyperglycemia [1]
• β3-adrenergic pathway: AOD9604 raised repressed β3-adrenergic receptor RNA in obese mice; chronic treatment did not change body weight or lipolysis in β3-AR knock-out mice, yet acute treatment still increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation in them, and the authors concluded its lipolytic action is not mediated directly through β3-AR [2]
• Adipose lipolysis in rats: In obese Zucker rats treated orally for 19 days, adipose tissue showed increased lipolytic activity, and euglycemic clamps showed no loss of insulin sensitivity, in contrast to intact hGH [3]
• Cartilage models: In a collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis model in rabbits, intra-articular AOD9604, alone or with hyaluronic acid, was associated with lower cartilage degeneration scores than saline [4]
• Metabolism and detection: Incubation in serum and urine produced six metabolites, of which CRSVEGSCG was the most stable; a solid-phase extraction method detected the peptide in urine down to 50 pg/mL [5]

Reference citations

1. Heffernan M.A. et al. (2001). Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25(10):1442–1449. PMID 11673763 · DOI
2. Heffernan M. et al. (2001). The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. Endocrinology, 142(12):5182–5189. PMID 11713213 · DOI
3. Ng F.M. et al. (2000). Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone. Horm Res, 53(6):274–278. PMID 11146367 · DOI
4. Kwon D.R. et al. (2015). Effect of intra-articular injection of AOD9604 with or without hyaluronic acid in rabbit osteoarthritis model. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 45(4):426–432. PMID 26275694
5. Cox H.D. et al. (2015). Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604. Drug Test Anal, 7(1):31–38. PMID 25208511 · DOI

Compound data from PubChem CID 71300630. Literature summaries describe published preclinical research and are not claims about this product’s effects in humans or animals.